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The Knox Automobile Company was a manufacturer of automobiles in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, between 1900 and 1914. Knox also built trucks and farm tractors until 1924. They are notable for building the very first modern fire engine in 1905.
 The Car That Never Drinks | |
 1904 Knox Touraine Runabout | |
| Industry | Automotive industry |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1900 |
| Defunct | 1915, 1924 |
| Fate | Bankruptcy |
| Successor | Knox Motor Company |
| Headquarters | Springfield, Massachusetts, United States |
Key people | Harry A. Knox, Elihu H. Cutler |
| Products | Automobiles |
Production output | 10,835 |
History
Harry Austin Knox built three experimental gasoline cars at Overman Wheel Company between 1895 and 1898. He left Overman when they decided to build a steam car. Knox joined with his former employer, Elihu H. Cutler of the Elektron Company to form the Knox Automobile Company in Springfield Massachusetts in 1900.[1] The Waltham Watch Company factory was purchased and Knox built 15 cars in their first year.[2]
The Knox Model A was a three-wheel runabout with a 5-hp one-cylinder air-cooled engine. In 1902 a four-wheel runabout and a 8-hp two-cylinder engine joined the model line-up. Early cars were called Knoxmobile with the Waterless Knox being used from 1903. A slogan used was "The Car That Never Drinks".[2] In some models, passengers rode up front over the front axle while the driver and another passenger sat in the back over the engine.[3]
The "Old Porcupine" engine
The flat-mounted single-cylinder engine was air-cooled. Rather than flanges to improve the efficiency of cooling, 1,750 threaded 3/16 inch (5mm) diameter rods were screwed into the cylinder casing as projecting studs, which led to the engine sometimes being referred to as "Old Porcupine". A 2-speed planetary transmission was fitted.[4][5] This engine was situated at the center of the car and produced 8 hp (6 kW). It was also called a "hedgehog". The one-cylinder engine was used until 1905. In 1902 a two-cylinder version was added that was used up to 1907.[2]
Growth
Knox pricing for the one-cylinder and two-cylinder models went for a low price in 1900 of $750, (equivalent to $24,429 in 2021) to medium-priced by 1904. A 1904 Knox Tuxedo Touring model, equipped with a straight-twin engine producing 16 hp (11.9 kW), was priced at $2,200, equivalent to $66,350 in 2021.[2]
In late 1904 Harry Knox left the company over a disagreement on policy with Elihu Cutler. Harry Knox set-up a new business across town to build the Atlas air-cooled car.[2]
In 1906 Knox Automobile Company introduced the Model G, a 40-hp air-cooled four-cylinder engine on a 112-inch wheelbase. With a limousine body priced at $5,000 (equivalent to $150,796 in 2021), Knox had entered the luxury car market. The two-cylinder models were phased out in 1907 and all Knox's became mid-priced to high-priced cars.[1] Knox progressively improved their models, moving the engine from under the seat to up front under a bonnet and going from chain-driven to shaft-drive.[2][1]
In 1908 a water-cooled four-cylinder engine was introduced and customers could choose air-cooled or pay $100 more for water-cooled models.[1] A six-cylinder engine became available in 1910 and all Knox's became water-cooled. Only luxury-priced Knox's were offered after 1910.[1]
Racing
The Knox was raced by Billy Bourque in the 1909 AAA Championship Car race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1910 a Knox was driven by Fred Belcher in the Vanderbilt Cup race.[6]
Fate
By 1912 Knox sales were slipping and a receiver was called in. The last Knox automobiles were built in 1914 and Knox was declared bankrupt in 1915. Knox reorganized as the Knox Motors Corporation and continued build tractors and trucks until 1924. [2][1]
Afterwards Harry Knox moved on to design tanks for the US Army Ordnance Department; his T1 Light Tank wasn't adopted, but his Vertical volute spring suspension and his track design were used on almost all American tanks of the WWII, and he designed its replacement HVSS, which served until 1980s in some countries, as well.
Gallery
1901 Model A Three-wheeler Runabout
1903 Knox Model C Runabout
1905 Knox Model F Surrey
1906 Knox Model G Touring
1909 Knox Model O Tonneauette
1910 Knox Model S Touring
Knox Models[2]
| Model | Year | Cylinders | Horsepower | Wheelbase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1900–1902 | 1 | 5 bhp (3,7 kW) | |
| Two Cylinder | 1902 | 2 | 8 bhp (5,9 kW) | |
| B | 1902 | 1 | 8 bhp (5,9 kW) | 69 in (1753 mm) |
| C | 1903 | 1 | 8 bhp (5,9 kW) | 72 in (1829 mm) |
| Two Cylinder | 1904 | 2 | 18 bhp (13,2 kW) | 84 in (2134 mm) |
| One Cylinder | 1904 | 1 | 10 bhp (7,4 kW) | 72 in (1829 mm) |
| E | 1905 | 1 | 10 bhp (7,4 kW) | 72 in (1829 mm) |
| F-3 | 1905–1906 | 2 | 16 bhp (11,8 kW) | 87 in (2210 mm) |
| F-1 | 1905–1906 | 2 | 16 bhp (11,8 kW) | 81 in (2057 mm) |
| F | 1905–1906 | 2 | 16 bhp (11,8 kW) | 90 in (2286 mm) |
| F-4 | 1906–1907 | 2 | 16 bhp (11,8 kW) | 81 in (2057 mm) |
| G | 1906–1908 | 4 | 40 bhp (29 kW) | 112 in (2845 mm) |
| H | 1907–1909 | 4 | 30 bhp (22 kW) | 102 in (2591 mm) |
| L | 1908 | 4 | 30 bhp (22 kW) | 102 in (2591 mm) |
| O | 1909 | 4 | 38 bhp (28 kW) | 102 in (2591 mm) – 114 in (2896 mm) |
| M | 1909–1910 | 4 | 48 bhp (35 kW) | 127 in (3226 mm) |
| S | 1910–1912 | 6 | 60 bhp (44 kW) | 134 in (3404 mm) |
| R | 1910–1912 | 4 | 40 bhp (29 kW) | 117 in (2642mm) – 122 in (3099mm) |
| R-45 | 1912 | 4 | 40 bhp (29 kW) | 126 in (3200mm) |
| 66 | 1913 | 6 | 60 bhp (44 kW) | 134 in (3404 mm) |
| 46 | 1913–1914 | 6 | 46 bhp (34 kW) | 130 in (3302 mm) – 134 in (3404 mm) |
| 45 | 1913–1914 | 4 | 40 bhp (29 kW) | 126 in (3200 mm) |
| 44 | 1913–1914 | 4 | 40 bhp (29 kW) | 117 in (2972 mm) – 122 in (3099 mm) |
Knox Production[2]
| Year | Automobiles |
|---|---|
| 1900 | 15 |
| 1901 | 100 |
| 1902 | 250 |
| 1903 | 500 |
| 1904 | 553 |
| 1905 | 572 |
| 1906 | 753 |
| 1907 | 1,000 |
| 1908 | 1,215 |
| 1909 | 1,317 |
| 1910 | 1,412 |
| 1911 | 1,215 |
| 1912 | 877 |
| 1913 | 673 |
| 1914 | 383 |
| Total | 10,835 |
References
- Georgano, Nick (2001). The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile (3 vol. ed.). Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 1-57958-293-1.
- Kimes, Beverly Rae; Clark Jr., Henry Austin (1996). Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942 (3rd ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87341-428-9.
- 100 Years of the American Auto Millennium Edition, page 24, Copyright 1999 Publications International, Ltd.
- Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p.170-1.
- David LaChance (January 2007) "Old Porcupine – Knox", Hemmings Classic Car.
- "History of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway".
See also
- Brass Era car
- List of defunct United States automobile manufacturers
- Knox automobiles at ConceptCarz
На других языках
[de] Knox Automobile
Die Knox Automobile Company war ein US-amerikanischer Automobilhersteller.- [en] Knox Automobile Company
[it] Knox Automobile Company
La Knox Automobile Company è stata una casa automobilistica statunitense che è stata attiva dal 1900 al 1914 a Springfield, nel Massachusetts. Ha continuato a produrre autocarri e trattori agricoli fino al 1924. Nel 1902 la Knox si posizionò al quinto posto assoluto tra i costruttori automobilistici statunitensi per numero di esemplari prodotti[1].Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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