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Minsk Automobile Plant (MAZ) (Belarusian: Адкрытaе Акцыянэрнaе Таварыства «Мінскі аўтамабільны завод», Open JSC Minski Autamabilny Zavod, Russian: Минский автомобильный завод Minskyi Avtomobilnyi Zavod) is a state-run automotive manufacturer association in Belarus, one of the largest in Eastern Europe.

Minsk Automobile Plant
MAZ or Minski Autamabilny Zavod
Native name
Minski Autamabilny Zavod
TypeState-owned enterprise
IndustryAutomotive
FoundedJuly 16, 1944 (1944-07-16)
Headquarters
Minsk
,
Belarus
Area served
Russia
East Europe
Key people
Valery Ivankovich
ProductsTrucks, buses, trolleybuses
Revenue1,490,387,000 Belarusian ruble (2020) 
Net income
US$ 167 million (2011)
OwnerBelarusian government (100%)[1]
Number of employees
16,594 (2016)[1]
Websitemaz.by/en

History


Stamps of Belarus with MAZ trucks (1998)
Stamps of Belarus with MAZ trucks (1998)

After a decision by the Soviet Industrial command in August 1944, the plant was begun as the Second World War ended.[2] The first MAZ model, the MAZ-200, entered production in 1949. This truck used General Motors-designed two-stroke engines and was a continuation of a truck developed by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant (YaMZ), who also built the engines.[2] Later on, YaMZ's own original engines were developed and implemented in the MAZ-500 series which was first shown in 1955, but only reaching full series production in 1965.[3]

Apartment buildings, shops, medical clinics, cinemas etc. were built in close proximity to the MAZ plant, providing plant workers with local (though limited) necessities. On many of the construction sites German prisoners of war were working together with Belarusian construction workers.

It manufactures heavy-duty trucks, buses, trolleybuses, road tractors and semi-trailers for semi-trailer trucks, and cranes. MAZ was, and possibly is, the world's largest manufacturer of TELs (Transporter-Erector-Launchers) for many of the world's mobile ballistic missiles, from the MAZ-543 used to carry and launch the Scud B through to the Topol M's 8-axle TEL.


Political repressions, sanctions


On 21 June 2021, MAZ (as well as its general manager Ivankovich) was added to the sanctions list of the European Union for repressions against workers who participated in mass protests against the authoritarian regime of Alexander Lukashenko following the controversial presidential election of 2020. According to the political decision of the EU,

"[MAZ] is a source of revenue for the Lukashenka regime. OJSC MAZ has offered its premises and equipment to stage a political rally in support of the regime. Therefore, OJSC “MAZ” benefits from and supports the Lukashenka regime."[4]

Moreover,

Employees of OJSC “MAZ” who took part in strikes and violent protests in the aftermath of fraudulent August 2020 elections in Belarus, were intimidated and later laid off by the company’s managements. A group of employees was locked indoors by OJSC MAZ to prevent them from joining the other protesters. Therefore, MAZ is responsible for the repression of civil society and supports the Lukashenka regime.

On the same day, MAZ and Ivankovich were also sanctioned by Canada.[5] Later, Switzerland also sanctioned the company and its general manager.[6][7]


Organization


The association consists of the MAZ plant proper, located in Minsk, which is the main enterprise of the association, as well as several secondary enterprises:

At some points of its history, MAZ was "united" with another heavy automobile company - BELAZ also located in Minsk area.

In 1991, a division specialising in heavy wheeled military vehicles was spun off into a separate business, MZKT.[8]

MAZ is 100% state-owned company.[1]


Products


Among other products, MAZ city buses (see pictures below) are operating throughout Belarus, as well as in Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Estonia.[9]

In Serbia, working in cooperation with a local-based company BIK (Bus industries Kragujevac), a production of gas-powered buses named BIK-203 has been agreed, which are based on the platform of MAZ-203 model.[10][11]


MAZ-MAN


In 1997, together with MAN, a joint Belarusian-German company JSC MAZ-MAN, was set up, which by 1998 had established full-scale production of heavy vehicles, using the F90 MAN cabs introduced 1986 and replaced in 1994. While production of tractors for international trade with 4x2 and 6x4 chassis layouts was a stated goal, development of exhaust gas regulations within the EU turned this into illusion.


Models



Cars



Trucks



Buses


A MAZ 206 approaching Kim Mã Termini, Hanoi, Vietnam
A MAZ 206 approaching Kim Mã Termini, Hanoi, Vietnam
MAZ-215 in Minsk
MAZ-215 in Minsk

Special models



Generations


No Years of release Features Image
11950—1965MAZ-200-series
21965—1977MAZ-500-series
31977—1990MAZ-5334/35-series
4since 1981MAZ-6422/5432-series
5since 1997MAZ-6430/5440-series

Sponsorship in football





Buses



Trucks



Notes


  1. ОАО "МАЗ" - управляющая компания холдинга "БЕЛАВТОМАЗ"
  2. Schauen, Till (December 2015). "Bau-genossen" [The joys of cooperative building]. Last & Kraft (in German). Vol. 24, no. 1 (December/Januar 2016). Mainz, Germany: Vereinigte Fachverlage. p. 63. ISSN 1613-1606.
  3. Schauen, p.64
  4. COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2021/997 - Official Journal of the European Union, 21.06.2021
  5. "Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List". Global Affairs Canada. 19 October 2015. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  6. Shields, Michael; Liffey, Kevin (2021-07-07). Liffey, Kevin (ed.). "Swiss widen sanctions list against Belarus". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2021-07-07. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  7. "Sanctions program: Belarus: Verordnung vom 11. August 2021 über Massnahmen gegenüber Belarus (SR 946.231.116.9), Anhang 7 und 8" (PDF). Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft. 2021-08-11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  8. "Minsk Wheeled Tractor Plant (MZKT)". 2011-05-15. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
  9. "MAZ buses on display at Busworld 2007 - Economy / News headlines / Belarus News | Belarusian news | Belarus today | news in Belarus | Minsk news | BELTA - Belarus News | Belarusian news | Belarus today | news in Belarus | Minsk news | BELTA". Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
  10. Gas-powered bus from Kragujevac at ekapija.rs, 20-4-2009
  11. MAZ-BIK 203 at Vulović Transport official website
  12. "Soviet Army Super Vehicles - Ballistic Missile Carriers & other super trucks". May 2007. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  13. "Автомодельное бюро: МАЗ-7904". 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
  14. "Maz-7904".

References





На других языках


[de] Minski Awtomobilny Sawod

Das Minski Awtomobilny Sawod (kurz MAZ; russisch Минский автомобильный завод; belarussisch Мінскі аўтамабільны завод Minski autamabilny sawod „Minsker Automobilwerk“) ist ein belarussischer Fahrzeughersteller aus Minsk. Neben Lkw werden auch Busse hergestellt.
- [en] Minsk Automobile Plant

[ru] Минский автомобильный завод

ОАО «Минский автомобильный завод» (МАЗ) — управляющая компания холдинга «БЕЛАВТОМАЗ» (белор. Мінскі аўтамабільны завод) — советская и белорусская автомобилестроительная компания, специализирующаяся на выпуске большегрузной автомобильной, а также автобусной, троллейбусной и прицепной техники.



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