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The ZIS-5 (Russian: ЗИС-5) was a 4x2 Soviet truck produced by Moscow ZIS factory from 1932 to 1948 (first one made at the end of 1930).

For the tank gun designated ZIS-5, see F-34 tank gun.
ZIS-5
Overview
ManufacturerZIS
Also calledUralZiS-355
Production
  • 1934-1941, 1942-1948(ZIS)
  • 1942-1944 (UASZIS)
  • 1944-1958 (UralZIS)
  • c. 1 million produced
AssemblyMoscow
Body and chassis
ClassTruck
LayoutFR
RelatedZIS-6
Autocar SD[1]
Powertrain
Engine5.6L ZIS-5 I6
Transmission4-speed manual + 2-speed gearbox
Dimensions
Wheelbase3,810 mm (150.0 in)
Length6,060 mm (238.6 in)
Width2,235 mm (88.0 in)
Height2,160 mm (85.0 in) (cabin)
Curb weight3,100 kg (6,834 lb)
Chronology
PredecessorAMO-3
Successor

Development


In 1931 Moscow Avtomobilnoe Moskovskoe Obshchestvo (AMO, Russian Автомобильное Московское Общество (АМО) — Moscow Automotive Enterprise) truck plant was re-equipped and expanded with the help of the American A.J. Brandt Co., and began to produce a new truck with designation of AMO-2. AMO-2 was intended as a replacement of the previous AMO-F-15, the first Soviet truck ever built (it was a copy of the Italian Fiat F-15).

However, it was clear that the AMO F-15 was getting outdated, so they started producing the newer AMO-2 and AMO-3 trucks, that were based on the Autocar SD trucks,[2] after a license agreement with the Autocar Company. In 1933 AMO was rebuilt again and renamed into Factory No. 2 Zavod Imeni Stalina (or Plant of Stalin's name, abbreviated in ZIS or ZiS) and in Summer, the AMO-2 and AMO-3 trucks were modernized and re-branded as the ZIS-5 trucks.


Production


A ZIS-5 used for transporting bread.
A ZIS-5 used for transporting bread.
ZIS-5 in Togliatti Technical Museum
ZIS-5 in Togliatti Technical Museum

Serial production of the new truck started on October 1, 1933. The truck was an instant success and, which together with the GAZ-AA, became the main Soviet truck of 1930-50's. It also evolved into the workhorse of the Soviet armed forces: at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa the Red Army could line up 104,200 of those trucks.

Facing the German invasion, in the autumn of 1941 the production line at Moscow plant was stopped and ZIS was moved to Ulyanovsk (on the Volga) and to Miass (in the Chelyabinsk region of the Urals). Production at Ulyanovsk UAZZIS lasted from February 1942 to 1944, while UralZIS at Ulyanovsk it began in July 1944; UralZIS fitted the truck radiators with own label and produced it until 1955, well after the end of the war.

In the meantime Moscow ZIS plant had restarted production of these trucks in April 1942, and continued until 1948, when the new ZIS-50 (ZIS-5 with new engine) appeared.

In 1955 UralZIS also modified the ZIS-5: It got new engine and oval fenders, different from pre-war ones. This new model received the designation of UralZIS-355 or ZIS-355.


The ZIS-5V


ZIS-5V
ZIS-5V

At the end of 1941 war shortages of raw materials forced change to the construction of the ZIS-5. All changes were focused on simplifying its construction: the round, stamped wings were replaced with flat, bended ones, cabs and foot boards were now made from wood, brakes were removed from front wheels, rear body had the tailgate swinging only. Sometimes also the right headlight was removed, while bumpers were omitted from these versions.

The simplified model, designated ZIS-5V, was produced since May 1942 in Ulyanovsk, and later also in Moscow and Miass. Overall production scored about 1 million units (all plants), with ZIS alone producing 532,311 samples. During the War years were produced about 83.000 of ZIS-5 of both versions.


Utilization


During the war the ZIS-5 was used on all fronts, where it was greatly appreciated for its remarkably simple and reliable construction. Apart from cargo duties, the ZIS-5 was used as a light artillery tractor and for troops transportation (25 soldiers could seat in five benches placed in the rear body). ZIS-5 served also as base for many special trucks, like refuellers, field workshops, ambulances, portee guns or AA platforms.

After the GAZ-AA, the ZIS-5 was the 2nd most used Red Army truck of 1933-1943 period. The intensive growth of Lend Lease trucks shipping in 1943-1944 did not affect the first line use of the "Tryohtonka" (as soldiers called the ZIS-5 for its 3-ton payload), while GAZ-AA got somewhat phased out to secondary roles.

The ZIS-5 showed remarkable service on the "Road of Life", the only supply line to the besieged city of Leningrad, opened on the frozen surface of the Ladoga Lake in the winter months during 1941–1944. This truck have a nickname Zakhar (Захар, "за характер", on the character).


Export


ZIS-5 was the first Soviet motor vehicle to be exported. A batch of 100 trucks were sold to Turkey in 1934; other quantities were subsequently purchased by Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Spain, China, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Mongolia and Romania. Some trophy vehicles were used by Finns who had captured them during the Winter War of 1939–40, and by Germans after the invasion of Soviet Union of June 1941.


Variants


ZIS-42M
ZIS-42M
ZIS-8 Ferdinand used in the film The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed
ZIS-8 "Ferdinand" used in the film The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed

Specification


(*) People who investigated ZIS-5 told that real power of engine was less than proclaimed in official documents and equal to 67-68 hp.


See also



References


  1. "Легендарные советские грузовики заводов ГАЗ и ЗИЛ". Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  2. "AMO » 2". Retrieved 24 August 2021.



На других языках

[de] ZIS-5

Der Lkw ZIS-5 (russisch ЗИС-5 .mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}SIS-5) ist ein sowjetischer Lkw, der ab 1933 zuerst im Sawod imeni Stalina (SIS) gebaut wurde. Das Fahrzeug war einer der am meisten produzierten Lastwagen in der Sowjetunion der 1930er- bis 1950er-Jahre. Während der 25 Jahre andauernden Serienfertigung wurden in verschiedenen Fabriken insgesamt fast eine Million Stück hergestellt. 1947 gab es zum Ende der Produktion in Moskau eine Version mit überarbeitetem Motor, die als ZIS-50 bezeichnet wurde. Auch eine dreiachsige Variante wurde produziert, der ZIS-6. Nahezu baugleiche Lastkraftwagen wurden, da in anderen Werken als dem ZIS-Stammsitz in Moskau hergestellt, auch als UralZIS-5 und UralZIS-355 bezeichnet.
- [en] ZIS-5 (truck)

[es] ZIS-5

El ZIS-5 fue un camión de fabricación soviética, que se produjo entre 1934 y 1944. Tuvo mucho éxito debido a su sencillez mecánica y a su bajo costo de fabricación. Se produjeron alrededor de 1 millón de unidades. Tenía un motor de 6 cilindros y 5.555 cc, que daba una potencia de 74 CV.

[fr] ZiS-5

Le ZIS-5 (en russe ЗиС-5) était un camion 4x2 produit par le constructeur soviétique ZiS dans l'usine de Moscou à partir du mois d'octobre 1933. C'était, comme les modèles qui l'ont précédé les AMO-2 et AMO-3 une copie du camion américain Autocar Company modèle "Dispatch".

[ru] ЗИС-5 (автомобиль)

ЗИС-5 («трёхтонка») — советский среднетоннажный грузовой автомобиль грузоподъёмностью 3 т; второй по массовости (после ГАЗ-АА) грузовик 1930-40-х годов, один из основных транспортных автомобилей Красной Армии во время Великой Отечественной войны.


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