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The GAZ-53 is a 3.5 tonne 4x2 truck produced by GAZ between 1961 and 1993. Introduced first as GAZ-53F, it was joined by the virtually identical 2.5-ton GAZ-52 in 1962, which was produced until 1989.

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (October 2018)

GAZ-53
GAZ-53
Overview
Manufacturer	GAZ
Also called	GAZ-52
Production	1961–1993
Body and chassis
Class	Truck
Layout	Front engine layout
Powertrain
Engine	3.5L GAZ-51 I6 (1961-1964) 4.3L ZMZ-53 V8 (1964-1993)
Transmission	4-speed manual
Chronology
Predecessor	GAZ-51
Successor	GAZon

The GAZ-52 and GAZ-53 trucks are distinguished by different lighting systems, wheel rims and tonnage (payload): the GAZ-52 was able to carry up to 2.5 tonnes of cargo, whereas the GAZ-53A could carry up to 4 tonnes. From 1961 to 1975 the GAZ-53 was produced along with its predecessor, the GAZ-51.

Given the long production run of GAZ-52/53 and their variants, the series is a common sight in Eastern Europe, although they should not be mistaken for the broadly similar 5-6 ton ZIL-130, which is usually also painted light blue with white on the front. The GAZ grille is fluted vertically, and the direction indicators are located above the headlamps. The ZIL has flashers below the headlamps and its grille is horizontally slated.

History

The main (or basic) variant of GAZ-53 with no suffix letter was released in 1964. It featured the brand-new 4254 cc light-alloy V8 ZMZ-53 engine, which was a modified version of the one used in the GAZ-13 Chaika, which had been intended for the truck from the beginning.[1] The ZMZ-53 produces 120 hp SAE Gross at 3200 rpm, giving the GAZ-53 a top speed of 90 km/h (56 mph).

Early versions, called GAZ-53F, were powered by an old 75-hp (SAE Gross) six-cylinder engine from the GAZ-51 truck; but since 1964, the GAZ-53 was equipped with a 4.3L ZMZ-53 V8 engine. Payload was increased to 4 tons in the 1965 model, called GAZ-53A. The 53A was built until January 1983, when the GAZ-53-12 took over until production ended.[2] All variants use a four-speed gearbox, synchronised on third and fourth. A number of other sub-versions were also introduced, including the military version GAZ-53A-016.

In total, over 4 million GAZ-53 were built, making it the highest production truck of the Soviet Union.[2]

Bulgaria

The GAZ-53A was also license-built by KTA Madara in Shumen, Bulgaria beginning in 1967. They were called the Madara 400 series (the "4" representing its four-tonne payload). Beginning in the 1970s, the Bulgarian-built trucks were fitted with locally built four-cylinder 3.9 liter Perkins diesel (later also turbodiesel) engines, made by the Vasil Kolarov engine plant in Varna.[2] These engines had either 80 or 100 PS (59 or 74 kW).[3] Madara built about 3,000 trucks per year throughout the 1980s, which met the needs of the local market.[2]

References

External links

• AutoClub GAZ-53/52

На других языках

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[de] GAZ-53

Der GAZ-53 (russisch ГАЗ-53) ist ein Lastkraftwagen des sowjetischen/russischen Fahrzeugherstellers Gorkowski Awtomobilny Sawod (russisch Горьковский автомобильный завод (ГАЗ)). Er wurde von 1961 bis 1993 in verschiedenen Varianten hergestellt und erfuhr eine weite Verbreitung in der ehemaligen Sowjetunion. Über vier Millionen Exemplare des Lkw wurden hergestellt.[1] Der GAZ-52 ist ein sehr ähnliches, jedoch etwas leichteres Modell mit dem gleichen Führerhaus wie der GAZ-53. Der Omnibus KAwZ-685 basiert technisch auf dem GAZ-53.

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- [en] GAZ-53

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[es] GAZ-53

El camión GAZ-53 era un camión compacto producido por la firma GAZ, e introducido primero como el GAZ-53F en 1961. Estaba propulsada por un motor de vieja data, con una fuerza de tracción de apenas 75 caballos (56 kW), de 6 cilindros, derivado del usado en el camión GAZ-51

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[fr] GAZ-53

Le GAZ-53 était un camion produit par GAZ de 1961 à 1993.

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[it] GAZ-53

Il GAZ-53 era un camion prodotto da GAZ dal 1961 al 1993. Sono stati prodotti e venduti oltre 5 milioni di unità del camion ed è uno dei camion di maggior successo dell'Unione Sovietica e poi della Russia. Il veicolo ha sostituito il GAZ-51 ma questi veicoli sono stati prodotti insieme fino al 1975 quando il GAZ-51 è stato infine interrotto. Il veicolo è stato esportato in Bielorussia, Lettonia, Lituania, Romania, Cuba, Cile, Sudafrica, Corea del Nord ed è stato anche prodotto in Bulgaria come camion Madara-400. In totale sono stati esportati circa 500 000 di questi veicoli. Il camion era leggermente più leggero del camion GAZ-51. L'autocarro era molto popolare ed è stato prodotto in molti stili di carrozzeria. Il veicolo era una copia della Ford F-Series del 1953 e aveva lo stesso telaio e motore.[1]

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[ru] ГАЗ-53

ГАЗ-53 — советский и российский среднетоннажный грузовой автомобиль, серийно выпускавшийся Горьковским автозаводом с 1961 по 1993 год.

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