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The GAZelle (Russian: ГАЗе́ль) is a series of light commercial vehicles: pickup trucks, vans and minibuses made by Russian car manufacturer GAZ. At the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union and transition to a market economy, the Russian automobile industry had not produced a much-demanded LCV similar to the Ford Transit or VW T4 class. The GAZelle shares many parts with the company's passenger cars (especially GAZ-31029), in fact, models produced until 1998 had the same grille. Riga Autobus Factory, which formerly manufactured minibuses for the whole USSR, remained in Latvia, now required its vehicles be sold to the now-foreign Russian market for hard currency. Responding to this market opportunity, GAZ swiftly developed its own LCV called GAZelle (the name is a pun on "gazelle"), that taken together with its lighter version Sobol now account for the majority of the Russian van and light truck market[1] and has strong positions in the markets of other CIS countries, ranking as GAZ's most popular and successful products.[2]

GAZelle
GAZelle with the restyled front end introduced in 2003
Overview
ManufacturerGAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
Production1994-present
Assembly
  • Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (GAZ)
  • Rokiškis, Lithuania (UAB "Automašinų verslo centras", 20002008)
  • Simferopol, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine (KrimAvtoGAZ, 19952006)
  • Söğütlü, Turkey (Mersa Otomotiv, 2012 )
  • Haciqabul, Azerbaijan (Azermash, 2021)
Body and chassis
ClassLight commercial vehicle (M)
Body style2-door dropside truck
2/4-door pickup truck
4-door panel van
4-door minibus
LayoutFR layout
RelatedGAZ-31029
Powertrain
Engine
  • 2.445 L ZMZ-402 Straight-4
  • 2.28 L ZMZ-406 Straight-4
  • 2.46 L ZMZ-405 Straight-4
  • 2.134 L diesel GAZ-5602 Straight-4
  • 2.43 L Chrysler 2.4L DOHC Straight-4
  • 2.89 L UMZ-4216 Straight-4
  • 2.8 L Cummins ISF2.8s4129P
  • 2.89 L UMZ-42164 with LPG Straight-4
Transmission5-speed manual
Chronology
SuccessorGazelle NEXT


The GAZelle is a copy of a 1986 Ford Transit,[3] and has been very successful on the Russian market despite minimal upgrades.

In 1999 GAZ started production of all-terrain 4x4 versions of GAZelle that utilized parts of the heavier-class vehicles. Now it features an optional rear differential lock offered at ~US$500 extra.

By 2005 one million GAZelles had been built. Apart from the CIS countries and Central and Eastern Europe, GAZelles are exported to Asian and African markets, including Morocco[4] and the Philippines.[5][6]

In 20102011 the GAZelle family underwent a serious upgrade. The upgraded model was renamed GAZelle Business. The changes affected 20 main vehicle units and systems, including steering, brakes, gearbox, cooling system, transmission and interior.[7]

In 2013 GAZ started serial production of the new generation GAZelle NEXT light commercial vehicle that features freighter, van, minibus and other versions of different sizes.[8][9]


Generations


Name Date Photo
GAZelle1994  Start of production of the first generation. Initially released only freighters.

1996  Started production of minibuses

1998  Started production of scaled-down version called Sobol[citation needed]

|
GAZelle2003  Started production of the second generation. Changes: new teardrop-shaped headlights instead of rectangular, new grille, new front bumper, increased space under the hood, rear colorless lenses turning lights, combined with the reversing light lenses. A new dashboard and power steering, steel versions are available with all-wheel drive.

2004  ABS introduced

2006  side repeaters turning lights moved from the front wings to the side mirrors, which were painted body color

|
GAZelle-Business2010  Scale modernization, construction of 130 changes including a new grill combined with the bumper. Inside, the new family of vehicles differs from their predecessors by way of a front panel, steering wheel, standard audio head unit from Blaupunkt, new cab heater control unit or the front of the cabin.

Engine UMZ  4216 (fresh family car commercial - UMZ - 4216.10 ) got a new injection control program, whereby the maximum torque (220.5 Nm) is achieved at fairly low (for a gasoline engine) 2500 rpm. The family of " GAZelle Business " engine mountings were introduced Anvis Group, radiator with aluminum core TRM, Bosch electrical components and Brisk spark plugs. The drive brakes used Bosch products (in particular, the brake master cylinder and the brake servo), the drive clutch components and ZF Sachs, power steering from ZF Lenksysteme was introduced along with defroster door mirrors as standard.

New modification of the car with 2010 was equipped with a turbocharged diesel engine (Cummins ISF American development).

2011  In the factory catalog, the first appearance of a shuttle van with a high roof.

2013  Started producing modifications with bi-fuel petrol-gas engine.

|
GAZelle Next2013  started production of a completely new LCV, while the production of the 2010 version continues. |

Models



Variants


The GAZ Sobol is a lighter duty version of the GAZelle, built on a shorter wheelbase. It was introduced in 1998.

The GAZ Valdai is a heavier duty version of the GAZelle, built on a longer wheelbase. It was introduced in 2003 and discontinued in favor of the GAZon.

The GAZelle cabin is also used for building tracked all-terrain carriers such as GAZ-3409 «Bobr» (Beaver).[10]

Before GAZ introduced its own GAZelle-based minibus, various smaller Russian factories launched rebuilding of freight GAZelles into minibuses ("Pskova-2214", "STG-01") and different custom vehicles.[11] A few Russian and Ukrainian factories still produce custom buses and ambulances based on GAZelles of "Business" and "NEXT" generations.


Trim levels


Before the 2010 upgrade, customers were not given the opportunity to select options. Currently the Gazelle-Business can be ordered with a rear differential lock, ABS braking system, "de luxe" instrument panel, and the "Package" option that includes fog lights, electroproof mirrors, front electric windows, dashboard "de luxe" (radio control buttons on the steering wheel and audio package) and central locking of the front doors.

Gazelle NEXT generation of LCVs has its own schedule of basic trim levels and options.




Scale model cars



See also



References


  1. "Поехали на рынок: продажи коммерческого транспорта в России растут | Бизнес". Forbes.ru. 2018-02-15. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  2. "Russia launches production of GAZelle Next commercial vehicle in Turkey". TASS (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  3. "Russia revival: Contract assembly, cargo vans fuel GAZ rebirth". 15 October 2012.
  4. "Russian GAZ Launches Sales of its Commercial Vehicles in Morocco". The North Africa Post. 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  5. "ГАЗ начал продажи коммерческой техники в Марокко". azgaz.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  6. "Продажи микроавтобусов «ГАЗель NEXT» стартовали на Филиппинах". azgaz.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  7. "GAZ Group has started serial production of upgraded GAZelle-Business" (Press release). GAZ Group. 2010-02-25. Archived from the original on 2011-09-25.
  8. "Gorky Automobile plant to showcase its products at the International Motor Show in the Philippines | Automotive World". Automotive World. 4 April 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  9. "ГАЗ представил в Европе новые модели для экспортных рынков". azgaz.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  10. "ГАЗ 3409 Бобр | Купить вездеход ГАЗ-3409 Бобр Цена: по запросу". www.gaz-34039.ru. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  11. "Микроавтобусы и микрогрузовики завода «Терминал»". www.gruzovikpress.ru. Retrieved 2019-04-24.



На других языках


[de] GAZelle

Die GAZelle (russisch ГАЗель, GAZel) ist ein Kleintransporter der russischen Automobilfabrik Gorkowski Awtomobilny Sawod (GAZ), welcher von 1994 bis 2010 in Nischni Nowgorod produziert wurde. Die GAZelle ist in Russland und anderen osteuropäischen und mittelasiatischen Staaten sehr weit verbreitet und wird sowohl als Transporter (darunter auch als Rettungswagen) als auch im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (häufigster Autotyp für Marschrutka) eingesetzt. Es handelte sich um den erfolgreichsten Typ des Herstellers nach dem Ende der Sowjetunion. Seit dem Erscheinen des Nachfolgers GAZelle-Business wird nur noch die GAZelle-Standard mit der 2003 modernisierten Karosserie und teilweise modernisierter Technik produziert. Nach dem Vollproduktionsanlauf der GAZelle NEXT werden auch diese Varianten nicht mehr produziert.
- [en] GAZelle

[fr] GAZelle

La GAZelle (russe : ГАЗе́ль) est une série de véhicules utilitaires légers : camionnettes, fourgonnettes et minibus fabriqués par le constructeur automobile russe GAZ. Au moment de l'éclatement de l'Union soviétique et du développement rapide de l'économie de marché qui a suivi, l'industrie automobile russe ne produisait aucun des véhicules utilitaires similaires à la Ford Transit ou à la VW T4. Riga Autobus Factory, qui fabriquait auparavant des minibus pour toute l'URSS, est restée en Lettonie, a maintenant exigé que ses véhicules soient vendus sur le marché russe désormais étranger pour les devises fortes. En réponse à cette opportunité de marché, GAZ a rapidement développé son propre véhicule utilitaire appelé GAZelle, qui, associé à sa version allégée Sobol, représente désormais la majorité du marché russe des fourgonnettes et des camions légers[1] et a des positions solides sur les marchés des autres pays de la CEI, se classant parmi les produits les plus populaires et les plus performants de GAZ[2].

[it] GAZ Gazelle

Il GAZ Gazelle è un minibus prodotto da GAZ dal 1994, come successore del minibus RAF-2203. Il veicolo è una copia del Ford Transit. Template:Chiariere sono state prodotte e vendute circa 2 milioni unità del veicolo, è il veicolo commerciale leggero più venduto in Russia e nei paesi della CSI in quanto conveniente, economico, e affidabile. Dal 2014 è iniziata la produzione della GAZ Gazelle Next modernizzata, sebbene la produzione non si sia interrotta. Il veicolo viene prodotto in molte varianti e viene esportato a Cuba, in Lettonia, Lituania, Messico, Cecoslovacchia, Bulgaria, Romania e Italia. Il veicolo è considerato leggendario in molti paesi grazie alla sua alta produzione.[1]

[ru] Газель (автомобиль)

«ГАЗе́ль» — серия российских малотоннажных грузовых автомобилей, производимых на Горьковском автомобильном заводе с 20 июля 1994 года.



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